The Kurdish question remains one of the most pressing and consequential issues shaping the political order of the Middle East. Across Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Iran, Kurdish aspirations for self-determination have repeatedly collided with the territorial integrity of existing nation-states. Despite numerous historical attempts to establish an independent Kurdish state, these efforts have largely failed, giving rise instead to fragmented…
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This material was published in the second issue of the Jordanian Politics and Society magazine (JPS). The term national security of states refers to the protection and preservation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of a state and the well-being of its citizens from external and internal threats. It includes a wide range of measures, including protection of national sovereignty,…
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