International Policies

The problem with major wars is not simply that they leave questions unanswered, but that they often invite explanations that appear more complete than the evidence allows. The wider the war becomes and the more complex its trajectories grow, the more likely it is that narratives will emerge promising to explain it through a single cause. With repetition, that cause…

The military escalation between Washington and Tehran in June and July 2026 was neither merely a successive exchange of strikes nor simply the abrupt collapse of provisional understandings reached only weeks earlier. Framing the crisis exclusively through the lens of military operations produces an incomplete reading. What is unfolding in the Gulf extends beyond a contest over military targets or…

The Politics and Society Institute has published an analytical paper titled “Perceptions of War: The Symbolic Structure of the Sixth Generation of Warfare.” The paper examines the Iran–Israel–U.S. confrontation and its regional implications through a lens that focuses on the battle of narratives, propaganda, disinformation, and artificial intelligence, rather than on the military trajectory alone. The paper, which emerged from…

In the winter of 1950, Ankara dispatched a force of approximately 5,000 soldiers to the Korean Peninsula-a war that was not its own-for one reason alone: to convince a newly emerging Western alliance that Türkiye deserved membership. The price was steep. Nearly 700 Turkish soldiers lost their lives in exchange for an admission ticket that would not be granted until…

The announcement of the Lebanon–Israel Framework Agreement in June 2026 did not constitute merely another negotiating round in the long-standing conflict between the two countries. Rather, it reflected a significant shift in the strategic approach adopted by both the United States and Israel toward Lebanon. The document was not conceived simply as an instrument to consolidate a ceasefire or establish…

The U.S.-Israeli war against Iran was accompanied by political expectations that went far beyond degrading Tehran’s nuclear program or weakening its military capabilities. In Washington and Tel Aviv, many believed the conflict would become a founding moment for a different Iran—either by producing a political order more closely aligned with the West and less committed to its anti-Western ideology, or…

The American–Israeli–Iranian war has reshaped Gulf perceptions of the United States in ways that extend far beyond the battlefield. Drawing on more than 55,600 original digital discussions produced by nearly 29,800 unique users across the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, this study examines how one of the region’s most significant security crises transformed public digital discourse on the American security…

Colonialism had a clear method. Take the land. Extract the raw material. Send the value home. Govern just enough to keep that value-extraction pipeline open. The data economy works the same way: Take something from people before they understand they are giving it away. Turn it into power. Sell it back to them as a “service.” The raw material used…

Japan’s Ambassador to Jordan, Asari Hideki, affirmed that peace and stability in the Middle East are of direct interest to Japan, given the close links between regional crises, international security, supply chains, energy security, and freedom of navigation. He stressed the importance of de-escalation and ensuring free and safe navigation through the Strait of Hormuz, describing it as a vital…

The outbreak of the 2026 US–Iran war has once again placed the transatlantic alliance under pressure, but unlike previous crises, its significance lies less in the immediate military implications and more in what it reveals about the internal dynamics of NATO. While the alliance has historically demonstrated resilience in the face of external threats, this conflict has exposed a deeper…