Western discourse today portrays Iran as one rigid, uniform state, usually equating its people to its strict government. But behind that misconception lies a plural society built on ethnic diversity, layered identity and a national consciousness that has been shaped more by culture and history rather than politics alone. A living mosaic thriving together despite all their differences, Iran is…
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Salma Al Refaei
A political science researcher and commentator specializing in Middle Eastern politics, with a particular focus on Iranian society, identity, and governance. She holds a master’s degree in Middle Eastern Studies and is currently pursuing a second master’s degree in Political Science. Her knowledge of the Persian language deepens her engagement with Iran’s cultural and political landscape, while her work combines historical depth with sharp contemporary analysis to make complex political dynamics accessible through clear, nuanced, and critically informed insights.